WHO IS A LEXICOGRAPHER? THE author or compiler of a dictionary is called lexicographer. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM? Most, Salt lake city headache treatment
, people think that wisdom and knowledge are the same thing but actually they are two different sides of the same coin. Knowledge is nothing but the facts known by a person whereas wisdom is the combination of experience and knowledge, with the power of applying them or soundness of judgement in a person.
WHAT IS GENOME MAPPING? A genome is the entire DNA in an organism, including its genes. In human beings the number of genes is between 30,000 to 40,000. Genes are instructions that give organisms their characteristics. The instructions are stored in each cell in the Deox ribonucleic Acid (DNA). DNA is made up of four similar chemicals called bases, which are repeated many times through out a genome.
It is estimated that the human genome has more than 3.2 billion pairs of bases. DNA molecules are subdivided into chromosomes and each organism has a characteristic, Salt lake city headache treatment
, number of chromosomes. For humans, the number is 46 (23 pairs) and this complete set of genetic information is called the genome. Mapping is the process of identifying discrete DNA segments of known position on a chromosome, which are then used for sequencing.
WHY DO OUR FINGERNAILS GROW FASTER THAN OUR TOENAILS? Fingernails grow two to three times faster than toenails. A fingernail replaces itself in about six months while a toenail takes a year. Feet are farthest a field in the circulatory scheme of things. A better blood supply to the fingers keeps them chugging along at a faster clip. Nails are basically protective and since our fingers are busier than our toes, they are more likely to need replacing.
Also, constant exposure to sun and air may aid their growth. Feet are locked up in shoes most of the time. TO WHICH FAMILY DOES THE PORCUPINE BELONG? Porcupines are large rodents whose bodies are covered with a characteristic coat of sharp spines or quills. Porcupines are divided into two groups, old world porcupines and new world porcupines, Old world porcupines tend be larger than the new world porcupines, live on the ground and the quills on their body are distributed in clusters.
They belong to the family Hystricidae. New world porcupines are smaller and tend to live in trees. Their quills grow separately rather than in clusters. They belong to the family Erethizontidae. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SEAL AND A SEA LION? The scientific name for this group of animals is Pinnipedia, Latin for ‘fin-footed’, and refers to the modification of limbs to flippers. Pinnipeds are mammals with four flippers — one pair in front and one at the back.
They are warm-blooded, nurse their young, breathe air and have hair. The sea lion has small, tiny external ear flaps. Seals have no flaps. The front flippers of sea lions are long, have no hair and nails. Seals’ front flippers are short, blunt, covered with hair with nails on the ends. Sea lions can turn their hind flippers forward to move on land but seals cannot do so. WHAT ARE NUTRACEUTICALS?ÂÂÂ Nutraceuticals are foods, or parts of foods, which provide medical or health benefits, including prevention and treatment of disease i.
e. nutrients with medical implications. Nutraceuticals, which are generally made from herbal/ botanical raw materials. are functional foods or food omnocnronic disease, aoove ana oeyond their basic nutritional functions. A functionalÂÂ food is similar to conventional food, while a nutraceutical is isolated from a food and sold in dosage form, in both cases the active components occur naturally in food.
WHY DO RAIN-BEARING CLOUDS LOOK BLACK? The colour of any object depends on its ability to, Salt lake city headache treatment
, reflect selected wavelengths of light. Consequently, if the object does not reflect any colour, it appears black. The tiny droplets of water in rain clouds scatter the white light of the sun. Red is scattered first, and violet the last. This happens at such a high altitude that no rays of the sun reach the bottom of the cloud.
Thus, we do not see the rays of the sun, and this results in a dark effect. As normal clouds have no water, the light is not scattered and thus look white. DO ALIENS REALLY EXIST? IT is certainly known that at least in our solar system, in the planets revolving around the sun and, in the satellites of these planets, there are no life forms that can pose a threat to mankind. WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT POLAR, Salt lake city headache treatment
, BEARS? The polar bear is the world’s largest bear.
During summer, they eat rodents and berries available on the plants there. They are superb swimmers and have been seen in water hundreds of miles from land. Their thick and dense fur keeps their skin dry, and their furry paws give them a non-slip grip on ice. It goes up to the water surface, takes a deep breath, and goes back down again. When the oxygen body finishes, they absorb some oxygen dissolved in the water, which they can keep for only a few minutes, after which they have to go to the surface again.
Its scientific name is Thalarctos maritime and found in the Arctic region. WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN BLOOD, Salt lake city headache treatment
, GROUPS? The blood group is found out by adding two chemicals Anti Sera A and Anti Sera B to the sample. If the sample gets agglutinated by Anti Sera A, and not by Anti Sera B, the sample is A. If it gets agglutinated by B, but not by A, the sample is B.
If it gets agglutinated by both, the sample is AB,, Salt lake city headache treatment
, and if by neither, the sample is 0. The Rh factor is found out by adding another chemical, Anti Sera D to the sample. If the sample gets agglutinated, it has a positive Rh factor, else it has a negative Rh factor. WHAT IS HANSEN’S DISEASE? Hansen’s disease, commonly known as leprosy, is named after the Norwegian Dr Armadeus Hansen who established the cause of leprosy as Mycobacterium leprae.
Leprosy is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind and although, Salt lake city headache treatment
, it is much less frequent today, it still remains a problem in the developing, Salt lake city headache treatment
, world. Contrary to popular belief, leprosy is not very contagious and is spread mainly by nasal droplets in early stages. Only prolonged skin-to-skin contact will cause the disease.
It is completely treatable but treatment is prolonged and cure is slow. WHAT IS LEPTOSPIROSIS? Leptospirosis, popularly known as Well’s disease, is caused by a spirochaete (a special type of bacteria) which usually invades the human body through cuts and abrasions,, Salt lake city headache treatment
, especially following prolonged immersion in water. Manifestations include generalised weakness, high fever, muscle pain, conjunctivitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, jaundice.
Treatment revolves around general care, antibiotic therapy and attention to life-threatening complications like kidney failure, profuse bleeding, etc. WHY DO TERMITES EAT WOOD? IT is Just like asking you, “Why do you eat, Salt lake city headache treatment
, cooked rice or chapatis made of wheat flour?” Termites live on cellulose. Wood is mostly cellulose and hence termites fee on wood. WHY IS THE COLOUR OF THE BLOOD RED? WHY IS MILK WHITE? THE Colour of the blood is due to haemoglobin.
Milk is an emulsion of fat in water. To understand why milk is white, take a few drops of coconut oil in a test tube. Add water. Shake and keep aside. Soon oil will form a layer on the water. Add a couple of drops of liquid soap and shake once again. You will have a whitish fluid. That is an emulsion of coconut oil in water. HOW CAN AQUATIC ANIMALS SURVIVE WHEN THE LAKES AND SEAS FREEZE? AS you know when heat is applied a metal, a liquid or even a gas, it expands.
Hence it is said that heat expands and cold contracts. There is, however, one exception to this rule. When the temperature of waterfalls below four degrees Celsius, it does not contract, but expands. It keeps on expanding till it reaches zero degrees Celsius. As a result, ice is formed on the surface and since it is lighter than the water below, it floats on the surface. The fish and other animals freely move about in the water “below.
Isn’t it a miracle of Nature? WHEN SOMEONE TALKS ABOUT A DELICIOUS DISH, WHY DOES OUR MOUTH WATER? YOUR mouth will not water when I speak of a sweet called Jangiri made in South India. It waters only when you hear about jalebi, laddoo, rasgulla or barfi. This is because you have already eaten such sweets and have enjoyed eating them. When someone describes such sweets in words, you can either recall a mental picture or you can recall the experience, of tasting that sweet.
In anticipation of eating that sweet, your mouth waters. WHAT IS MEANT BY TT INJECTION? WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE THIS INJECTION WHEN WE GET A WOUND OR A SCRATCH?ÂÂ TETANUS is an acute bacterial infection caused by the tetanus bacillus, Clostridium tetani. It is widely distributed in the soil and in the dust in the form of spores and in the faeces of animals and even humans. If there is an abrasion or a wound, the bacillus can enter the body at such points.
It may take from two days to three weeks for the symptoms of this infection to manifest. When they do, the first symptom is stiffness of the jaw. Hence this condition is often referred to as lockjaw. The initial signs could be spasms of the muscle after every twenty-four hours and a general feeling of indisposition. The disease can be fatal, if timely action is not taken. There is an effective vaccine against tetanus.
These days, children are immunized by giving a total of five doses of the vaccine, starting at 8 to 10 weeks, with intervals of 4 to 6 weeks between the first three doses. The fourth is given at nine months and the fifth one at the school-going age. Thereafter it is advisable to take this every three years. Many are under the impression that a wound or abrasion caused by iron implements or objects alone can cause tetanus.
This is not true. As soon as there is a wound or abrasion, particularly outside the home, consult your family physician. I HAVE READ THAT PEOPLE WITH A FAIR COMPLEXION FIND IT MORE DIFFICULT TO BEAR THE HEAT OF THE SUN. HOW CAN THAT BE? AFTER ALL, THE DARK COLOUR ABSORBS MORE LIGHT AND HEAT THAN LIGHTER COLOURS? THE dark colour absorbs heat. A dark colour of the skin means abundance of melanophore cells that contain a pigment called melanin.
Because a dark skin absorbs heat, it prevents the heat from reaching the inner sensitive parts. The melanin serves as a barrier against the effects of the ultraviolet rays of the sun. Have you noticed how the skin, Salt lake city headache treatment
, becomes dark (it is called tanning), when it is exposed to sunlight for long periods? This is a defenses mechanism. This happens because of the increase in the melanin pigment, which can absorb more heat and thus provide more protection.
Overexposure for long periods can result in skin cancer. WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL NAME OF HONEY? THE table salt that is used in cooking is a chemical conlpound called Sodium Chloride. The soda that we use in cooking is a chemical compound called Sodium Bicarbonate. The lime (choona) that is used on betel leaves is Calcium Hydroxide. But honey is not a chemical compound. It consists of a number of chemical compounds like fructose (fruit sugar) and glucose.
It dontains about 18 % water, the chemical name for which is Hydrogen Oxide. It also contains chemical compounds in minute quantities, which lend if antiseptic propierties, Salt lake city headache treatment
, . Â WHAT ARE KIDNEY STONES? HOW CAN ONE PROTECT ONESELF FROM SUCH A PAINFFUL AILMENT?ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ ÂÂÂ All that we eat is not nutritive. Part of it is not good for our health.
Part of it may be toxic. These unwanted substances are eliminated through urine, faeces and perspiration. Kidneys are organs, which help us to eliminate unwanted and waste products from body in the form of urine. Kidney stones are actually lumps of chemical compounds like uric acid, calcium oxalates, `phosphates, etc. The exact cause of stone formation is not known. It is believed that when there is heavy sweating or when a person does not take adequate water, the urine gets concentrated and stones are formed.
It is-always advisable to drink at least six glasses of fluids every day, the include lassi, juices etc. NON-VEGETARIANS ARE THOSE WHO KILL LIVING BEINGS AND EAT THEM. BUT IT IS SAID THAT PLANTS, TOO, HAVE LIFE. IN THAT CASE, AREN’T PEOPLE WHO EAT PLANTS AND GRAINS ALSO NON-VEGETARIAN? IT is true that plants have life. Even in the Chhandogya Upanishad (part of the Vedas), this is acknowledged.
Grains like rice and wheat have the potential to sprout and grow in the presence of moisture and sunlight. Long ago, man killed man and ate him. Then he gave it up and ate only other living animals. Many people felt unhappy with this also and restricted their meals to only birds, fish, plants and food grains. Some rejected even birds and fish and lived only on plants and food grains., Salt lake city headache treatment
, How can you refer to such people as non-vegetarian? In any case, they show much greater respect for life than those who eat meat.
WHEN WATER IS BOILED, IT KEEPS, Salt lake city headache treatment
, ON EVAPORATING. WHEN MILK IS BOILED, IT SPILLS. WHY IS IT SO? WAIER is a chemical compound called hydrogen oxide. As you, Salt lake city headache treatment
, boil it, it turns into steam and evaporates, Milk is not a single chemical compound, but consist of many chemical compounds —, Salt lake city headache treatment
, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals.
Milk contains proteins from which nourishment is derived by the young ones of mammals. It contains sugars in the form of lactose. It also contains vitamins of the B group and Vitamin A, in addition to important minerals like calcium and phosphorus, needed during growth. Heat has a different effect ‘on milk. When heated, milk is precipitated. Even addmg a. little acid curdles milk in the stomach of mammals, milk gets curded because of the acid in the gastric juice.
Thanks to this property of milk, the soft curd encloses globules of fat enabling the digestion to proceed smoothly. HOW IS IT THAT A SPIDER DOES GET CAUGHT IN ITS WEB? A spider constructs its web from silk-like threads, given out from a group of spinnerets on its underside. At first, the spider builds a sort of scaffolding or framework of non-sticky thread. Only after this, it lays down the closely-knit spiral of I silky threads, distinguished II with beads along each I thread.
On these sticky threads the prey is caught. But the spider uses the nonstick threads to move about. NAME THE FATHER, Salt lake city headache treatment
, OF MODERN TAXONOMY? The science of naming living organisms is called taxonomy. Carolus Linnaeus is the father of modern taxonomy. In 1735, he developed a novel system of classifying biological specimens in a systematic manner. WHICH MAMMAL HAS THE HIGHEST PERIOD OF GESTATION? Elephants lead the pack in this regard.
Their period of gestation is almost 22 months long. The giraffe is second with a gestation period of 15 months. Horses, zebras, donkeys take about 340 days while the big cats deliver cubs after 100 days. By comparison, mice breed at breakneck speed – their period of gestation extending to a mere 20 to 30 days. WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF BALD-NESS?ÂÂÂÂ THE fall of hair after a debilitating attack of typhoid is common.
The antibiotics prescribed for typhoid destroy the intestinal flow of bacteria, which synthesize Vitamins of the B group. These vitamins play a vital role in hair growth and maintenance. If your physician had not prescribed B -complex vitamins when you were recouping from typhoid that could be one of the causes for your losing hair. Heredity, too, plays an important, Salt lake city headache treatment
, role in maintaining the hairline.
High levels of testosterone (the male hormone) in the blood and high blood pressure also can lead to balding. Take adequate dosage of Vitamin B complex, in consultation with your physician. Massage the scalp gently with your favorite hair oil. This will improve circulation to the hair follicles. Stop, Salt lake city headache treatment
, worrying. Most people, Salt lake city headache treatment
, grow hair back lost during typhoid.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF CONJUCTIVITIS? HOW CAN WE PROTECT OURSELVES FROM THE DISEASE? WHAT IS A MIRAGE?ÂÂÂ MANY who travel through deserts sometimes see a lake in the distance. But when they approach, it disappears. This is called a mirage. You can have a similar experience while walking along long roads, particularly those covered with asphalt or bitumen. Pools of water seem to appear, even thoughÂÂ the road is dry.
This happens ” because there is a layer of hot thin air just above the surface of the road: This layer bends the light from the sky and as a result it seems to come from the road. Thus there would be an image of the sky on the road leading you to believe that you are seeing a, reflection of the sky in water. Â WHY DO WE AGE? CAN’T AGEING BE STOPPED?ÂÂ These are questions that have haunted mankind from the very beginning of civilization.
Thanks to awareness about health and nutrition and the discovery of drugs to fight infections diseases, the average life expectancy in India has increased from around 30 in 1930’s to at least 60. There is usually a cause for death: failure of the heart, malfunctioning of vital organs like liver, kidneys and glands and of course, fatal infections. Much work has been done in recent years in the field of Geriatrics (medical science dealing with old age and the aged).
It has been noticed that people living in the Caucasus mountain range of Europe has greater life expectancy than those living elsewhere. In India, people living in the Hunza region of Kashmir are believed to live long. Those who lived long had a few things in common: (1) They did not rush through life (2) Their diet was mostly vegetarian, taken in much lesser quantity than the diet in civilised societies of the West (3), Salt lake city headache treatment
, They lived in cold, mountainous regions, and (4) they continued to be engaged in physical activities till they died.
Perhaps you know that continuous wear-and-tear goes on in the human body when the skin tissue or the bone tissue is worn or damaged, new tissue takes its place. But Leonard Hayflick, a researcher form Philadelphia, first proved that cells couldn’t multiply all the time. No matter how carefully he examined human cells in the Laboratoiy,, Salt lake city headache treatment
, they died after dividing into two about 50 times.
This is now called the Hayflick limit. Every time we feel threatened, our mind comes under stress and the body releases stress hormones (hormones secreted by the, Salt lake city headache treatment
, adrenal glands to meet crisis and threat). Every situation perceived as a threat ages people. Perhaps the greatest single contribution to the study of ageing came from Michael West, a molecular biologist at the University of Texas, Dallas, who isolated from tissue-cultured human cells, two “mortality genes”, whose effect is to speed the aging process in these cells.
He labelled them M-l and M-2. By turning off the M-l gene, West; was able to restore the cell’s youth and double its overall life-span. Many,, Salt lake city headache treatment
, including Dean Omish (who wrote the book, Salt lake city headache treatment
, . Reversing the Heart Disease), Herbert Benson (author of Relaxation Response) and Deepak Chopra (an Indian resident in the United States) believe that meditation helps reverse the ageing process.
According to a study, involving 138 African-American adults with borderline or high blood pressure, reported in the March, 2000 issue of Stroke, Journal of the American Heart Association, meditation practised twice a day, can help reduce atherosclerosis (accumulation of fatty plaques on the walls of the arteries). Deepak Chopra has discussedthe phenomenon of ageing in depth in his book Ageless Body, Timeless Mind.
He is of me opinion that enhancing your happiness and fulfilment, you can defeat ageing in a lasting, meaningful way, without chemicals and their potential side effects” I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW BATS COULD FIND THEIR WAY IN THE DARK. HEY ARE BLIND. Have you seen blind persons moving about with a stick painted with red at the tip? They gently tap the ground ahead and try to find out whether there is any obstruction or a pothole on theroad.
Bats make shrill sounds, which cannot be heard by the human ear. This is called ultrasound. The sound waves sent by these screeches are called ultrasonic waves. When there is an obstruction or an object in front, these waves are reflected. By listening to the reflected sound, the bats can make out, what is in front and fly accordingly. WHAT IS SALIVA MADE OF? SALIVA is the colourless fluid constantly present in the mouth of man.
It is alkaline and is composed of water, mucus, mineral salts, protein and a digestive enzyme called Ptyalin. Three pairs of salivary glands in the mouth secrete this enzyme. The surface tissue of the cheeks, the tongue, palate and lips, continuously secretes small amounts of saliva. Ptyalin also helps digest the starch content in food. HOW CAN AQUATIC ANIMALS SURVIVE WHEN THE LAKES AND SEAS FREEZE? AS you know when heat is applied a metal, a liquid or even a gas, it expands.
Hence it is said that heat expands and cold contracts. There is, however, one exception to this rule when the temperature, Salt lake city headache treatment
, of water falls plow four degrees Celsius, it does not contract, but expands. It, Salt lake city headache treatment
, keeps on expanding till it reaches zero degree Celsius. As a result, ice is formed on the surface and since it is lighter than I the water below, it floats on the surface.
The fish and other animals freely move about in the water below. Isn’t it a miracle of Nature? WHY DO DOCTORS WEAR MASKS AND GREEN-COLOURED CLOTHES WHILE CONDUCTING OPERATIONS? WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF DIARRHOEA? HOW CAN IT PREVENTED? DIARRHOEA is generally caused due to infection. The agent causing ibis particular infection could be bacteria, a virus or even a parasite. Sometimes, Diarrhea can also be caused if you move from .
one place to another, due to the difference in the mineral content of the water. However, the most common cause of Diarrhoea is bacterial inlection, eg E.coli or shigella. IS A BURP AFTER A MEAL REALLY AN INDICATOR OF, Salt lake city headache treatment
, FILLED STOMACH? NORMALLY a burp indicates a full stomach. But suppose you eat in a hurry, then you may burp even though your stomach is not full: This is because the sound of burp is caused by the gases in the stomach escaping from between spaces in the food that has been eaten.
If you eat in a hurry, you would be gulping down some air also. Moreover some air may get entrapped in the stomach. ARE ONLY DOGS COLOUR BLIND? WHY? ALL the mammals except man and the Ape family are colour blind. That means cats, rats, dogs, rabbits, foxes, tigers, lions, cows, buffaloes, etc. are colour blind. WHY DO PLANTS HAVE ROOTS? ROOTS spread far and wide in the soil and enable the tree to stand firmly.
They also transport water and nutrients in the soil through the stem to the leaves. How come insects get attracted to the tubelight? I see them dead the next morning. MANY insects which come out at night find their way by the light of the moon. When they see the artificial lights in our homes, they get confused and lose their sense of direction. So they go round and round the light and try to come closer to it.
Many die in the process. HOW IS IT THAT FOOD TRAVELS DOWN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, EVEN WHEN WE LIE UPSIDE DOWN? AS soon as you start eating, the digestive system, the stomach wall and he intestinal wall start a kind of action similar to waves of water coming towards the shore. This is called peristalsis. This peristalsis movement is such that whatever you eat moves only down the digestive system. Even if you do Shirshasana (stand on your head) the food will move the same way.
However when you develop acidity, or when too much bile is secreted, you may throw up. Then the contents of the stomach enter your mouth. BANANAS IS GOOD FOR HEALTH. BANANAS ARE FULL OF CALORIES, HAVE NO NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND MAKE US PUT ON WEIGHT. Bananas are full of calories. If you eat half a dozen bananas every day, you are likely to put on weight. The ripe fruit contains 22 per cent of carbohydrates, mainly sugar.
In the growing years, you can certainly eat a banana or two every day. Banana is low in protein and fat, but is a good source of vitamins A and C. It is also rich in calcium, needed by the bones and teeth of growing youngsters. Ladies past the middle age are also advised to take calcium because it helps to maintain the bone density. A banana a day is certainly good for your mother. HOW IS IT THAT THE AVERAGE HEIGHT OF MAN REMAINS THE SAME ALL ALONG? How tall a child would be is coded in the genes.
Of course depending on the kind of food consumed and the exercises taken, height can be increased to some extent or a person may not be able to reach the height, coded in his genes. It is not correct to say that the average, Salt lake city headache treatment
, height of humans has remained the same. The average height of man, wherever there is knowledge of nutrition and health, has gone on increasing.
Look at the Japanese. Their average height today is many centimeters more than what is it was five decades ago. Even in India, in cities, the average height has been increasing. HOW CAN SNAKES SWALLOW LARGE ANIMALS? SNAKES do not have jaw “bones. They can stretch their mouthÂÂ wideÂÂ openÂÂ and swallow frogs, larger in size than their mouth. WHERE DOES MY WEIGHT GO WHEN I LOSE IT? The building bricks of the human body, called cells are made up mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
When you lose weight, these get converted into carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide is thrown out along with the exhaled air Water is thrown out via perspiration and urine. Why is it that when chabled water is poured into a stainless tumbler. Water drops appear on outside of the tumbler? THE atmosphere around us is filled With air. It contains mainly nitrogen and oxygen and also water vapour, in weather reports, water content is referred to as humidity.
Humidity is very high in places close to the sea. When you pour chilled water into a steel tumbler, moisture in the air condenses and forms water droplets. The water droplets formed, close to the surface of the tumbler can be seen easily. They flow down from the sides of, Salt lake city headache treatment
, the tumbler. WHAT IS MEANT BY ICU IN A HOSPITAL? MEDICINES are substances, which are given by physicians for obtaining relief or cure from pains, discomfort and diseases.
Even turmeric has medicinal value. It can be converted into a paste and applied. Acetyl Salicylic Acid, popularly known as Aspirin, provides relief from headache, pain, etc. It is administered in the form of powder. Medicines, when taken orally, have to trave
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